Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2024 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Objective To investigate the correlation between higher-order aberrations (HOA) after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and the severity of myopia and astigmatism, along with the relevant factors. These findings will provide valuable insights for decreasing the occurrence of HOA after SMILE and enhancing visual quality. Methods A total of 75 patients (150 eyes) with myopia and astigmatism who underwent SMILE were categorized into four groups based on the severity of myopia and astigmatism: Myopia Group 1 (Group M1, spherical diopter ranged from -1.00 D to -4.00 D), Myopia Group 2 (Group M2, spherical diopter ranged from -4.10 D to -10.00 D), Astigmatism Group 1 (Group A1, cylindrical diopter ranged from 0 D to -1.00 D), and Astigmatism Group 2 (Group A2, cylindrical diopter ranged from -1.10 D to -3.00 D). A comprehensive assessment was performed to examine the association between HOA and various relevant factors, including a detailed analysis of the subgroups. Results Group M1 had significantly lower levels of total eye coma aberration (CA), corneal total HOA (tHOA), internal tHOA, and vertical CA ( Z−1 3 ) after SMILE than Group M2 (P < 0.05). Similarly, Group A1 had significantly lower levels of total eye tHOA, CA, trefoil aberration (TA), corneal tHOA, TA, and vertical TA ( Z−3 3 ) after SMILE than Group A2 (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a statistically significant positive relationship between the severity of myopia/astigmatism and most HOA (P < 0.05). Subgroup evaluations demonstrated a notable increase in postoperative HOA associated with myopia and astigmatism in Groups M2 and A2 compared with the control group. Lenticule thickness, postoperative central corneal thickness (CCT), postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), and postoperative corneal Km and Cyl were strongly correlated with most HOA. Age, eyes, and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) were only associated with specific HOA. Conclusion HOA positively correlated with the severity of myopia and astigmatism after SMILE. However, this relationship was not linear. HOA after SMILE was influenced by various factors, and additional specialized investigations are required to establish its clinical importance....
Backgroud The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between fluctuation in blood pressure (BP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) and visual field (VF) progression in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods This prospective, longitudinal study included 44 patients with NTG. Only newly diagnosed NTG patients who had not been treated with a glaucoma medication were included. Patients were examined every year for 7 years. Intraocular pressure (IOP), heart rate (HR), systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and diastolic ocular perfusion pressure (DOPP) were measured at the same time. Ophthalmic examinations, including perimetry, were performed also. Initial VF were compared with follow-up data after 7 years. Results After 7 years of follow-up, 9 of the 44 patients showed VF progression. The standard deviation (SD) of SBP and OPP were significantly associated with VF progression (P = 0.007, < 0.001, respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that VF progression was significantly associated with SD of OPP (odds ratio, OR = 2.012, 95% CI = 1.016–3.985; P = 0.045). Conclusions Fluctuation in OPP was associated with VF progression in patients with NTG....
Background To evaluate differences in log MAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement and postoperative central foveal thickness (CFT) and choroidal thickness (CT) changes between conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS) and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) for high-myopia cataracts. Methods This was a retrospective and observational study. One hundred and two eyes of 102 patients with highmyopia cataracts were examined. CPS was performed in 54 eyes, and FLACS was performed in 48 eyes. All eyes underwent logMAR BCVA, CFT and CT of three different sectors preoperatively and one week and six months postoperatively. Results The logMAR BCVA improved significantly after surgery in both groups (both P < 0.001), but no difference was observed in BCVA improvement between the groups (P = 0.554). Moreover, no significant differences were reflected in the changes in CFT, nasal 1 mm CT or temporal 1 mm CT between the two groups, and only subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in the CPS group decreased significantly compared with that in the FLACS group at any postoperative time (P = 0.003 and 0.026). AL, preoperative logMAR BCVA, and CT of the three regions exhibited a notable correlation with postoperative BCVA (all P < 0.05) according to univariate logistic regression analysis. However, only the AL, preoperative logMAR BCVA and SFCT remained significant in the multivariate model. Postoperative logMAR BCVA revealed a positive correlation with AL and preoperative logMAR BCVA but a negative correlation with SFCT. Conclusions FLACS was not superior to CPS in improving BCVA but had less impact on SFCT in the treatment of high-myopia cataracts. Eyes with a longer AL, worse preoperative logMAR BCVA and thinner SFCT had a high risk of worse postoperative BCVA....
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used to probe retinal structure and function. This study investigated the outer retina band (ORB) pattern and reflective intensity for the region between bands 2 and 3 (Dip) in three mouse models of inherited retinal degeneration (Rs1KO, TTLL5KO, RPE65KO) and in human AMD patients from the A2A database. OCT images were manually graded, and reflectivity signals were used to calculate the Dip ratio. Qualitative analyses demonstrated the progressive merging band 2 and band 3 in all three mouse models, leading to a reduction in the Dip ratio compared to wildtype (WT) controls. Gene replacement therapy in Rs1KO mice reverted the ORB pattern to one resembling WT and increased the Dip ratio. The degree of anatomical rescue in these mice was highly correlated with level of transgenic RS1 expression and with the restoration of ERG b-wave amplitudes. While the inner retinal cavity was significantly enlarged in dark-adapted Rs1KO mice, the Dip ratio was not altered. A reduction of the Dip ratio was also detected in AMD patients compared with healthy controls and was also positively correlated with AMD severity on the AMD score. We propose that the ORB and Dip ratio can be used as noninvasive early biomarkers for retina health, which can be used to probe therapeutic gene expression and to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy....
Background Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an inflammatory process involving lymphocyte-mediated immune response and orbital tissue damage. The anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibodies produced by B lymphocytes are involved in the activation of orbital fibroblasts and the inflammatory process of orbital tissue damage in TED. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of IGF-1R in the mechanistic connection between orbital fibroblasts and B lymphocytes in TED. Methods Orbital fibroblasts sampled from orbital connective tissues and peripheral B lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood, which were obtained from 15 patients with TED and 15 control patients, were co-cultured at a ratio of 1:20. The level of IGF-1R expression in orbital fibroblasts was evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Transient B lymphocyte depletion was induced with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, while the IGF-1R pathway was blocked by the IGF-1R binding protein. The expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in the co-culture model were quantified via ELISA. Results IGF-1R expression was significantly elevated in TED orbital fibroblasts compared to that of controls. A 24-h co-culture of orbital fibroblasts with peripheral B lymphocytes induced elevated expression levels of IL-6 and RANTES in each group (TED patients and controls), with the highest levels occurring in TED patients (T + T group). Rituximab and IGF-1R binding protein significantly inhibited increased levels of IL-6 and RANTES in the co-culture model of TED patients. Conclusions IGF-1R may mediate interaction between orbital fibroblasts and peripheral B lymphocytes; thus, blocking IGF-1R may reduce the local inflammatory response in TED. Rituximab-mediated B lymphocyte depletion played a role in inhibiting inflammatory responses in this in vitro co-culture model, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in TED....
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